APPSC Group -1 Mains 2012 Cut off marks

On broad analysis keeping in view of the depth on the questions asked ,some minor changes in the pattern of the examination ( Paper-5) , the contemporary issues(Essay paper) and the expected way of presentation of the candidates as expressed after completion of each paper, the following cut off is expected.

Paper-1   90-110
Paper-2  85-120
Paper-3   95-125
Paper-4   75-110
Paper-5   95-120

APPSC Group- 1 Mains AP History

Formation of Andhra Pradesh State

The demand for the creation of Visalandhra gained ground after police action in Hyderabad. 

The formation of Visalandhra or united Andhra Pradesh was first of all the idea of the Communist Party. Sri Puchchalapalli Sundaraiah was the 1^st to talk about the formation of the united A.P. In 1945, he founded a newspaper by name Visalandhra and wrote a book called Visalandhralo Prajarajyam(People’s government in Visalandhra) presenting a detailed blue print of the future scenario of the united province highlighting the various plans and schemes.

          In the general elections of 1952, the Congress came to power at the center but in Telangana the congress could not secure absolute majority as the communists scored a resounding victory and were in majority.

The formation of Andhra State on linguistic basis on 1^st October, 1953 in turn influenced the nation wide politics, particularly the State of Hyderabad.

          The Andhra leaders, the communists of Telangana and Telangana Regional Congress Committee strongly supported the formation of Visalandhra. But the Congress leaders were divided on the issue. Swami Ramananda Tirtha, Burgula Rama Krishna Rao and others favoured the formation Visalandhra whereas K.V.Ranga Reddy, M.Chenna reddy and others opposed it.

          In December 1953, the Union Government set up a States Reorganisation Commission to consider the question of reorganization of States on linguistic basis with Fazal Ali as Chairman and K.M.Pannikkar and H.V.Kunzru as members.

          The S.R.C presented the report in September, 1955. The Commission recommended the disintegration of Hyderabad state and the formation of Visalandhra. It underlined the benefits of a large state comprising of both Andhra and Telangana with about 32 million people and considerable rich hinterland, plenty of water and raw materials. It even suggested that Hyderabad would be highly suitable as the capital.

          It recommended that in the next general elections likely to be held in 1961, if a 2/3 majority of the members in the new legislature of the Hyderabad state opts for a united state, Visalandhra could be formed. Until then Telangana should be continued as a separate state.

          The advocates of Telangana were elated with the report. But the majority of people including the Congress and communist legislators expressed their resentment. The communist legislators declared that they were prepared to resign to their legislative membership and contest again on the issue of Visalandhra. 

          In the vote taken in the Hyderabad legislature, of the 174 members of the House barring the Speaker, 147 who participated in the voting, 103 were in favour of Visalandhra whereas 29 voted for Telangana and 15 remained neutral.

          Meanwhile the Andhra Legislative Assembly had unanimously passed a resolution favouring the formation of united Telugu province.

          Under these circumstances, the Congress High Command convened a meeting of the representatives of the two regions in Delhi on 26^th February 1956. 

          To dispel the doubts of Telangana leaders, certain safeguards were provided in the Gentlemen’s Agreement signed by the leaders of both the regions including the Chief Ministers and Presidents of the Congress Committees.

          The Gentlemen’s Agreement was signed by Bezawada Gopala Reddy, Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, Gouthu Lachchanna and Alluri Satyanarayana Raju on behalf of Andhra Region and Burugula Ramakrishna Rao, K.V.Ranga Reddy, Marri Chenna reddy and J.V.narsing Rao on behalf of Telangana.

          The main provisions of the agreement are summarized below.

1.  The administrative expenditure should be borne proportionately by the two regions.

2.  The educational facilities prevalent in Telangana should be provided exclusively to the students of Telangana with some exceptions. Further improvements in this regard should be made.

3.  Recruitment to the services shall be done on the basis of population of the regions.

4.  Domicile rules should be made on the basis of residence for a certain number of years, for example 12 years to assure the prescribed proportion to the recruitment of services for the Telangana area.

5.  Steps will be initiated to constitute a Regional Council for the Telangana region with a view to ensure its all-round development.

6.  The Council shall be a statutory body.

7.  The Council of Ministers will consist of members in proportion of 60 to 40 percent for the Andhra and Telangana regions respectively.

8.  If the Chief Minister is from Andhra, the Deputy Chief Minister will be from Telangana and vice-versa.

Government of India accorded statutory protection to the agreement. Thus Andhra Pradesh was formed on 1^st November, 1956 with N.Sanjeeva Reddy as C.M and Trivedi as 1^st Governor.

Indian History for Group-1 Mains

Rise of Shivaji

With the emergence of Shivaji the history of Maratha became the history of Shivaji. The rise of Shivaji is a fascinating chapter as he rose to the highest glory from being a small Jagirdar of Pune. In the rise of Shivaji we find both the circumstance and his amazing personality helping him to realize the ambitions of Marathas, Swaraj.

The factors responsible for the rise of Shivaji are:

1.     The great Maratha bhakti movement provided ideological basis for the rise of Shivaji even before his birth. Started with Gnaneswar the Maratha bhakthi reformers like Eknath, Namdev, Bhakth Tukaram and Samartha Ramdas strobe for cultural unity amongst the Marathas. They created a sense of pride and responsibility in protecting the Maratha culture with the idea Maratha Dharma.

2.     The geographical location of the Maratha state also benefitted Shivaji in his rise. The hill tracks of Deccan enabled Shivaji in organizing guerilla warfare against the enemies. The less fertile tracks and ruggered soil naturally man made Marathas quite hardship. Moreover the hill tribes called Muwalis helped Shivaji helped Shivaji in all his expeditions. Thus the geographical setup did benefit Shivaji in his rise.

3.     The sense of insecurity the Marathas were facing with the advent of Islam into the south benefitted Shivaji in projecting himself as the champion of the Marathas.

4.     The Marathas acquired rich experience by joining as civil servants in the courts of Bahmani Sultans and the Mughals. This benefitted Shivaji in the wars against Sultan of Bijapur and the Mughals.

5.     The time and condition also favoured Shivaji. The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb was preoccupied with his own problems in suppressing the revolts in the north. It gave enough time for Shivaji to consolidate his position in Deccan.

6.     Apart from the conditions favouring his amazing personality and leadership qualities also helped in establishing himself as leader. Highly sagacious and tactful Shivaji utilized every opportunity that came in his way. Even though defeated by Raja Jai Singh sent by Aurangzeb in 1665. Shivaji turned the Purandhar treaty into his advantage and acquired the right to collect “Chouth” in the Mughal territories in Deccan. With the same tact he got his father released from the Ahmadnagar Jail and revived his conquest later.

7.     As a Genious he entrusted the responsibility of defending the forts to the people instead of Armies and succeeded in making the Maratha movement as people’s movement.

8.     As a Statesman and great visionary Shivaji followed the principles of Secularism and granted freedom of faith to all religions and communities in his Swaraj.

9.     As a benevolent king he banned bonded labour and took measures for protecting the peasantry from the exploitation of money lenders.

Thus the rise of Shivaji was the result of his great personality and administrative reforms.

APPSC Material; Group -1 Mains Paper 4

What are the objectives of Scientific Policy resolution 1958?

Scientific Policy resolution 1958

The key to national prosperity, apart from the spirit of the people, lies, in the modern age, in the effective combination of three factors, technology, raw materials and capital, of which the first is perhaps the most important, since the creation and adoption of new scientific techniques can, in fact, make up for a deficiency in natural resources, and reduce the demands on capital. But technology can only grow out of the study of science and its applications.

          To achieve higher scientific advancement, Government of India adopted Scientific Policy resolution in 1958. Its primary objectives are

1.     to foster, promote, and sustain, by all appropriate means, the cultivation of science, and scientific research in all its aspects - pure, applied, and educational;

2.     to ensure an adequate supply, within the country, of research scientists of the highest quality, and to recognize their work as an important component of the strength of the nation;

3.     to encourage, and initiate, with all possible speed, programmes for the training of scientific and technical personnel, on a scale adequate to fulfill the country's needs in science and education, agriculture and industry, and defence;

4.     to ensure that the creative talent of men and women is encouraged and finds full scope in scientific activity;

5.     to encourage individual initiative for the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge, and for the discovery of new knowledge, in an atmosphere of academic freedom;

6.     to secure for the people of the country all the benefits that can accrue from the acquisition and application of scientific knowledge.

APPSC Material: Group -I Mains Paper 4

What are the aims and objectives of technology Statement 1983 ?

The basic objectives of the Technology Policy -1983 will be the development of indigenous technology and efficient absorption and adaptation of imported technology appropriate to national priorities and resources. Its aims are to:

a) attain technological competence and self-reliance, to reduce vulnerability, particularly in strategic and critical areas, making the maximum use of indigenous resources; 

b) provide the maximum gainful and satisfying employment to all strata of society, with emphasis on the employment of women and weaker sections of society; 

c) use traditional skills and capabilities, making them commercially competitive; 

d) ensure the correct mix between mass production technologies and production by the masses; 

e) ensure maximum development with minimum capital outlay; 

f) identify obsolescence of technology in use and arrange for modernization of both equipment and technology; 

g) develop technologies which are internationally competitive, particularly those with export potential; 

h) improve production speedily through greater efficiency and fuller utilization of existing capabilities, and enhance the quality and reliability of performance and output; 

i) reduce demands on energy, particularly energy from non-renewable sources; 

j) ensure harmony with the environment, preserve the ecological balance and improve the quality of the habitat; and 

k) recycle waste material and make full utilization of by-products.