1.
The minimum distance between
the sun and the earth occurs on January
3.
2.
On the day the sun is nearest to the
earth, the earth is said to be in Perihelion.
3.
The earth is at its maximum
distance from the Sun on July-4.
4.
The rate
of rotation on its axis
never changes.
5.
1800
longitude is the International
Date Line.
6.
Solar day is
longer than sidereal day.
7.
One Astronomical Unit is
the average distance
between Earth and the Sun.
8.
About 59% of the surface of the moon is visible
from the earth.
9. Light
year is the unit of measurement
of the distances of
stars from the earth.
10.
On the surface of the moon, the
mass remains constant and only the weight is lesser.
11.
Light from the nearest star reaches
the earth in 4.3 years.
12.
Hailey’s
comet appears every 76 years.
13.
The moon’s period of revolution with
reference to the Sun is equal to one synodic month.
14.
We
always see the same face of the moon because it
takes time for both revolution around the earth and rotation on its own axis.
15.
The longest
day in Australia will be on December 22.
16. The
difference in the duration of day and night increases as
one moves from the Equator
to the Poles.
17. The
South Pole experiences continuous light at the time of Winter Solstice.
18.
The position of Neptune and Pluto keeps
changing in terms of distance from the Sun.
19.
A person planning to travel by the shortest route
should follow the longitudes.
20.
A day
is added when one crosses 1800 longitude from east
to west.
21.
Most
of the weather phenomena take place in the troposphere.
22.
Stratosphere
maintains an almost uniform
horizontal temperature.
23.
The thickness of the troposphere increases
in summer.
24.
Ozone
absorbs ultraviolet rays.
25.
Fall
in temperature with increasing elevation is known as lapse
rate.
26.
Doldrums belt is
located near the equator.
27.
The name given to winds blowing from subtropical high pressure
regions to the equator is tropical easterlies.
28.
‘Horse
latitudes’ is the term applied to the 300-400 N and S
latitudes.
29.
The stratosphere
is said to be ideal for flying jet aircraft because of the absence of clouds and
other weather phenomena.
30.
The velocity of winds is governed by pressure
gradient.
31.
The factors responsible for change in
seasons on the earth’s surface are revolution of the earth and inclination of
the axis of the earth.
32.
Hygrometer is
the instrument used for measuring
humidity.
33.
Easterlies,
Westerlies and trade
winds are planetary winds.
34.
The pressure exerted by the
atmosphere at sea level is one kg per sq. cm.
35.
The water
content in the atmosphere increases as temperature increases.
36.
If the temperature
of water is lowered from 80 to 3 0 C,
its volume will first
decrease and then increase.
37.
Equator
is a great circle.
38.
Farrel’s law is
concerned with the direction
of winds.
39.
Blizzards
are characteristic of Antarctic
region.
40.
Cyclone
is a low pressure system
with anticlock-wise winds in the northern hemisphere.
41.
An upper
air wind system with very high velocities in certain parts
of the atmosphere is called jet stream.
42.
A tornado
is a very low pressure Centre.
43.
Snowfall occurs when
dew point of air is below
freeing point.
44.
The process of change of state of water from
solid directly into vapour is called Sublimation.
45.
When humidity is expressed as a percentage, it is
called relative humidity.
46.
Pressure only due to vapour in the
air is the vapour pressure.
47.
Humidity
is measured by the Sling Psychrometer.
48.
Specific humidity is
stated in terms of grams
of water vapour per kilogram of moist air.
49.
Amount of water vapour (grams) in
a given volume of air (cubic metre) is
known as absolute
humidity.
50.
The temperature at which an air
parcel will become saturated with the present amount of water vapour is called saturation
point.
51.
The term ‘Cirrus’
means a high cloud.
52.
Fog
is a low stratus cloud.
53.
Hail consists
of masses of ice with concentric layers.
54.
Rainfall caused due to the presence of mountains in the way of winds
is called Orographic rain.
55.
The leeward side of a mountain which does not receive rain is
known as the rain-shadow
area.
56.
Dew is caused when humid air condenses on cool
surface.
57.
Continental
shelf, continental slope, continental rise, deep sea plain are
the parts of ocean floor arranged according to increasing distance from the
coast.
58.
Tuscarora Deep is
located off Japan.
59.
Gulf
Stream is a warm current in the Atlantic
Ocean.
60.
Agulhas
current is one of the warm
current in the Indian Ocean.
61.
The term nife
refers to core of the earth.
62.
The crustal
layer of the earth is also called as sial.
63.
Anemometer is used to measure Wind
velocity.
64.
Psychrometer
is used to measure Humidity.
65. Continental
drift theory suggests that the continents of South America and Africa were once
joined together.
66.
Plains
formed due to the filling up of lakes are called Lacustrine
plains,
67.
Plains formed in limestone regions are
called Karst plains.
68. Plateaus
situated in between plains and mountains are called piedmont plateaus.
69.
The Red Sea is an example of a faulted structure.
70.
Metamorphic
rocks originate from both
igneous and sedimentary rocks.
71.
Rocks formed deep inside the
earth as a result of solidification of lava are
called plutonic rocks.
72.
Coal is an organic rock.
73.
The layers in soil are referred to as horizons.
74.
The pedogenic
regime with which the movement of salts to the upper
layers of soils is associated (through capillary action) is calcification.
75.
Alluvial soil is
the most common in the Indo-Gangetic
Plain.
76.
The black cotton soil of
India belongs to the group Chernozem.
77.
The term ‘epicenter’ is associated with earthquakes.
78.
Lines
joining places experiencing a thunderstorm at the same time
are known as isobronts.
79.
Isochrones
are lines joining places with equal travelling time from a
point.
80.
Isohalines
are the isopleths of
salinity.
81.
The other name for contour lines is isohypse.
82.
Isobaths
are used to show depth.
83.
Isonif
lines are the isopleths
of snowfall.
84.
Isohels
are the isopleths
of sunshine.
85.
Tropical cyclones near
Australia are called Willy-Willy.
86.
The rate
of erosion in a stream is highest where velocity is more.
87. Asia
has the highest density of
population.
88.
As one moves from the equator to the poles along a meridian
the variety of plants and animals decrease.
89.
Indians belongs to Caucasoid.
90.
Most of the people of the middle-east belong to the Mediterranean
group of people.
91.
Polynesians
are believed to be a subgroup
of Mongoloids.
92.
The name given to native American Indians is
Amerinds.
93.
Bindibu
are natives of Australia.
94.
One of the groups inhabiting the
Asiatic tundra is the Samoyed.
95.
The homeland
of the Yakuts is Russian tundra.
96.
Lapps
inhabit European tundra.
97.
The indigenous people living in the steppes of the Russia
are the Kirghiz.
98.
In the tropical
monsoon region, rice is the most important crop.
99.
The most important activity of the tundra region is hunting.
100.Mediterranean region is
famous for citrus fruits.
101.Cereals
are the important crop of the temperate grasslands.
102.Cold
temperate region is important for soft wood forests.
103.The
largest producer of
groundnuts in the world is India.
104.The
largest producer of
tobacco in the world is China.
105.The
largest producer of barley
in the world is Russia.
106.The
largest producer of long
staple cotton in the world is USA.
107.The
country with largest
cattle population in the world is India.
108.India is
a leading producer of
Butter and ghee.
109.The
largest producers of mutton are
New Zealand and Australia.
110.Wavy hair is
the characteristic of Nordic
race.
111.Prognathism
refers to protruding jaw.
112.Mangoloid
races are characterized by epicanthic fold.
113.The
hair of Nordic races is
generally blond.
114.People
of North Africa are generally Hematic.
115.People living in South India
generally have more
features of Negroid.
116.People
living in Sweden generally belong to Nordic.
117.Pygmies
are people living in Congo
forests.
118.Eskimos
belong to Mongoloid
race.
119.The
mode of living of people living in monsoon regions is intensive
subsistence cultivation.
120.Caucasoid people account for 33%
of the world population.
121.Oases
are examples of foothill
settlements.
122.Holland
is called ‘low
country’ of the earth.
123.Finland
is called the ‘land of a
thousand lakes’.
124.Kiel Canal connects
the North Sea with the Baltic Sea.
125.The
Tagus River flows through Lisbon.
126.Bangkok
lies on river
Menam.
127.The
highest plateau in
the world is the Plateau of Tibet.
128.The
largest desert in
the world is the Sahara.
129.Highest peak of Asia
is Everest.
130.Highest
peak of Africa is Kilimanjaro.
131.Highest peak of Europe is
Matterhorn.
132.Highest peak of North America is
Mckinley.
133.The
world’s longest River is
the Nile.
134.The
highest waterfall in
the World is Angel.
135.The
largest Inland Sea is the Caspian Sea.
136.Iceland has over 200 volcanoes.
Of them many are active.
137.The
Balkan Peninsula is
separated from the rest of
Europe by the river Danube.
138.Singapore
lies nearest to the
Equator.
139.Quito city
is called the ‘City of
Perpetual Spring’.
140.The
famous Matterhorn Peak
is found in Switzerland.
141.The
biggest island at
the tip of South America is the Tierra del Fuego Island.
142.Magellan strait
is in between mainland of South America and Tierra Del Fuego.
143.Bass
Strait is in between Australia and Tasmania.
144.Strait of Malacca is
in between Malaysia
and Sumatra.
145.Bering Strait
is in between Asia
and North America.
146.Turkey
is called Sick
man of Europe.
147.Belgium
is called Cockpit
of Europe.
148.Addis Ababa
is the capital of Ethiopia.
149.38th
parallel separates North and South Korea.
150.Large wild life sanctuaries
are located in East Africa.
151.Tibet
is an intermontane plateau.
152.Both Equator and Tropic of Capricorn
passes through Brazil.
153.The
Great Barrier Reef is found of the coast of Queensland.
154.Pyranees
forms the boundary
between France and Spain.
155.The
land locked country in SE
Asia is Laos.
156.Zueder
Zee in Netherlands is known for Polders.
157.Po river flows
through Italy.
158.Death valley is
in USA.
159.Wind
erosion is dominant in Deserts.
160.Rain
shadow effect is associated with orographic rainfall.
161.The
depositional feature
at the point where the river comes down from hills to plain is levee.
162.Millibar scale is
used to measure
pressure.
163.Beaufort
scale is used to measure wind speed.
164.Hawaiian islands has
coral reef.
165.Cut off loops
of rivers are known as Oxbow lake.
166.A
funmarole is a small crack on the side of
volcano ejecting gas and steam.
167.Mediterranean
climate prevails in central Chile.
168.Alaskan current is
found in North Pacific.
169.Barchans
are depositional features of wind action.
170.Red Indians called
the local wind Chinook as Ice eater.
171.Lines joining places having equal
height are Contours.
172.Lowest temperature
is recorded in Verkhoyansk.
173.Gneiss
is a metamorphic rock.
174.Outwash plain
is a depositional feature associated with glacier.
175.The
tropical savanna climate
located in south Brazil is known as Campos.
176.The
amount of dew is measured by Drosometer.
177.The
biggest freshwater lake is Superior.
178.Hail
is a form of precipitation.
179.Canaries current
is a cold current.
180.The
North Pole is always in the light from March 21 to
September 23.
181.Tectonic forces are
responsible for the movements of the earth’s crust, eruption
of volcanoes and earthquakes.
182.Granite,
Quartz and Feldspar are igneous
rocks.
183.The
longitudinal, transverse and
surface waves in an earthquake
originated from the focus within the body of the earth.
184.The
temperature of the core of the earth is about 20000 C.
185.There
are two crusts – the continental
and the oceanic.
186.Magma
that reaches the earth’s surface and then solidifies is called Lava.
187.The
capacity of rock to allow
water to pass through it is called permeability.
188.Carbonaceous
rocks which produce coal and oil belong to the category of
rocks called sedimentary.
189.The
‘Cradles of civilization’
have been plains.
190.A
narrow inlet of sea
between cliffs or steep slopes, especially associated with Scandinavia
is Fjord.
191.Malaspine Glacier
is in Alaska.
192.Changing
of colour of a rock into yellow or red is due to oxidation.
193.Climate
of a place is dependent on several factors. Latitude is the most significant.
194.Seasonal
contrasts are maximum in mid latitudes.
195.Roaring Forties are
westerly winds.
196.Due to concentration of
ozone, temperature
increases with increase in height in Stratosphere.
197.The
velocity of wind is related to pressure gradient.
198.Hurricanes
or typhoons (tropical cyclones) develop and mature over
water bodies only.
199.The
fog that commonly occurs along the sea-coasts is of the advection type.
200.The
coral reefs are
most characteristic of Pacific Ocean.
201.World
Forest Day is observed on March 20 every year.
202.Fog represents
the colloidal system of
liquid in gas.
203.The
only landlocked country in
South-East Asia is
Laos.
204.Block Hill, Blue Hill and the Green
Hill mountains are found in
USA.
205.The
tribal groups which live
in Kalahari Desert are known as Bushmen.
206.The
term used to refer to moisture deficit or surplus in an area is called Moisture Index.
207.Biosphere
ecosystem consists of two major components 1. Biome component (plants and
animals) and 2. Habitat component (physical environment).
208.The
radiant energy received by the earth and its atmosphere from the sun is called Insolation.
209.Cincinnati
(USA) is famous in the making of Machine Tools.
210.Scunthorpe
and Frodingham are the main mining centres of Britain.
211.The
world’s largest producer of natural gas is Russia.
212.Xinhua
is the official News
agency of China.
213.The
country with largest area under forest cover in the world is Russia.
214.The
country which has the finest
system of protected lands in
the world is Switzerland.
215.Brazil is
the largest producer of
Sugarcane in the World.
216.The
cultivation of grapes is known as Viticulture.
217.The
main centres of ship building industry in Japan are Yokahama and Kobe.
218.The
most important breed of
wool producing sheep in the world is Merino.
219.The
world Food Day is
celebrated on October
16.
220.Seasonal
movement of people and their herds from valley to mountain and vice versa is
known as Transhumance.
221.Chena
cultivation is found in Srilanka.
222.The
city located at the confluence of river Eupharates and Tigris is Baghdad.
223.The
Hwang Ho River drains into Yellow Sea.
224.Agriculture
involving both crops and live stock is called Mixed farming.
225.Hunting
and fishing is the main occupation of the people living in Polar Regions.
226.The
most significant ecological determinant of population distribution in the world
is Land Fertility.
227.World
Health Day is observed on April 7.
228.The
Magyars are the people of Hungary.
229.In
Africa Tropic of Cancer passes through Algeria, Niger, Libya, Western Sahara,
Mauritania and Mali.
230.Mekong
River drains into South China Sea.
231.The
third largest continent in terms of population of the world is Europe.
232.The
mean thickness of oceanic crust and continental crust is around 5 km and 30 km
respectively.
233.Cocos
plate lies between central America Pacific plate.
234.Sand
stone, conglomerate, limestone, shale potash loess, glyserite, chalk, coal,
chert, halite are examples of Sedimentary Rocks.
235.Mahogany,
ebony and green heart forests are found in Equatorial Region of the World.
236.The
world’s largest producer of cereals is china.
237.Pyrenees
Mountains make the boundary between Spain and France.
238.Glasgow
in England is known for Iron and Steel Industry.
239.The
largest industrial region
of Germany is Ruhr
westaphila Region.
240.China’s
Shensi and Shansi regions are famous for coal.
241.The
continents of the world (area wise) in descending order are Asia, Africa, North
America, South America, Europe and Australia.
242.The
top ten largest countries of the world in descending order are Russia, Canada,
USA, China, Brazil, Australia, India, Argentina, Kazakhstan and Sudan.
243.Yangtz
River falls into East China Sea.
244.Niamy
is the capital of Niger.
245.The
minimum distance between the
Sun and the Earth occurs on January3.
246.Planet nearest to Sun is
Mercury.
247.Hottest planet
is Venus.
248.Coldest
planet is pluto.
249.Biggest planet
is Jupiter.
250.Jupiter
is called the Lord of the
Heavens.
251.Jupiter
has 16 moons.
252.Ganymede which is the satellite of Jupiter is the heaviest of all satellites in
the Solar system.
253.Saturn
is the 2nd
largest Planet in the solar system.
254.Saturn
is surrounded by a set of 7 rings.
255.Saturn
has 23 moons.
256.The
largest moon of Saturn is
Titan.
257.Densest planet
is Earth.
258.Mars has two moons namely
Phobos and Demos.
259.Brightest planet
is Venus.
260.Blue
planet is Earth.
261.Red Planet is
Mars.
262.Morning Star is
Venus.
263.Evening star
is Venus.
264.Venus
is also called Earth’s
Twin.
265.Saturn
has maximum number of
rings.
266.Jupiter
is the fastest rotating
planet.
267.Venus
is the slowest rotating planet.
268.The
period of rotation
is nearly the same as
revolution for Venus.
269.The
length of the day for Mars is
nearly equal to that of the Earth.
270.Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are
called Inner planets.
271.Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
are called outer
Planets.
272.Venus
rotates from East to West.
273.Uranus rotates
from North to South.
274.Mercury
is the fastest revolving planet.
275.Pluto
is the slowest revolving planet.
276.Planets
revolve the round the Sun in Anti-clockwise direction.
277.The
shape of Earth is
best described as Geoid.
278.The
Sun is vertically overhead
at the equator on two days each year, i.e., 21st
March and 23rd September which are called equinoxes.
279.After
the March equinox,
the Sun appears to move northwards and is vertically overhead
at the Tropic of Cancer on 21st June,
which is known as Summer
Solstice.
280.During
summer solstice,
northern hemisphere will have longest day and shortest night.
281.By
December 22nd, the Sun is overhead at the Tropic of
Capricorn, which is known as winter solstice.
282.During
Winter solstice, Southern
hemisphere will have its longest day and shortest night.
283.The
average distance between any two latitudes is 111 kms.
284.Latitudes
are used to calculate the
distances.
285.Longitudes
help in determining
local time in relation to GMT.
286.The
Earth passes through 150
in one hour or 10
in 4 minutes.
287.The
Earth rotates from West to East, so for every 15 degrees we go
eastwards, local time advances by 1 hour.
288.The
whole world has been divided into 24 Standard Time Zones.
289.Both
USA and Canada have
5 time zones each.
290.Russia
has 11 time zones.
291.1800 meridian
is called the International
Date Line where the date changes by exactly one day when it is crossed.
292.A
person crossing
International Date line from East to West loses
one day.
293.Continental
Drift theory was given by Alfred Wegener.
294.Point in the orbit of Moon when
it is farthest from Earth is called Apongee.
295.Plato
theorized that the Earth is round.
296.Elastic Rebound Theory explains
Earthquakes.
297.The
horizontal movements of Earth usually associated with large fractures in the
Earth are called faults.
298.Theory of Plate Tectonics
satisfactorily explained the motion of faults.
299.USA
is the largest manufacturer of Automobiles in the World.
300.Detroit
is the largest automobile
producing center contributing almost 25%.
301.Jagoya region
is known as Detroit of Japan.
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