THE NORTHERN PLAINS OF INDIA
East-West Extent
2,400 km (3,200 km if the Indus plains are included)
Average
width:150-300km
1.Largest alluvial
tract of the world, extending from the mouth of Indus to the mouth of Ganga
between Peninsular plateau and the northern are of the mountains.
2. Alluvial in
nature, and are composed of Bhangar (old alluvium), Khadar (new alluvium) in
river bed. Bhabar (porous gravel ridden plains at the foot of Himalaya) and
Terai (damp thickly forest area, where bhabar stream reappears)
SUBDIVISION OF GREAT PLAINS
THE RAJASTHAN PLAIN
Extent:650kms long.
Average width:250-300
km wide
Thar or Great Indian
Desert is the westernmost region of Great Indian Plains in the western
Rajasthan.
A semi arid plain,
lying to the east of Thar desert is known as Rajasthan Bagar.
The Luni is the only
southwest flowing rivers of this region.
The
Sambhar(largest), the Kuchaman, and the Didwana are important lakes situated to
the north of Luni Basin.
THE PUNJAB HARYANA PLAINS:
Extent: 640kms in
northwest to southeast and 300km in east west direction.
Extends from Punjab
in the west to Yamuna River (Haryana) in the east.
Land of five
rivers-is primary made up of ‘doabs’-the land between two rivers.
They are composed by
Bet (Khadar plains) and Dhaya(Heavily gullied bluffs).
THE GANGA PLAINS:
The largest Great
Plain stretching from Delhi to Calcutta across the states ofUttar Pradesh,
Bihar and West Bengal.
The Ganga and its
tributaries like Yamuna, Ghagra, Gomti, Kosi, and Son deposit large amount of
alluvium and make this extensive plain more fertile.
They comprise of
Gango-Yamuna Doab in the west, to the east of this Doab are the Rohilkhand
plains which merges which merges with Avadh plain in the east
THE BRAHMAPUTRA PLAIN
The low level plain
formed by the Brahmaputra river system is situatedbetween Eastern Himalaya
(Arunachal Pradesh) in the North, Patkai and Naga hills in the east,
Garo-Khasi-Haintia and Mikir Hills and lower Ganga Plain and Indo Bangladesh
border in the west.
THE WEST COASTAL PLAIN
Runs
from Rann of Kachchh to Kanyakumari and are confined to a narrow belt about
10-15 km wide.
KATHIAWAR COAST (Total length: 500km)
The
West Coastal Plain between Daman in the north and Goa in the south is examples
of coast of submergence due to vertical movements, and is consequently dissected.
Coastal
lowland is uneven and is interspersed with river valleys, creeks and ridges.
(iii)
Malabar Coast
Extends
from Goa in the north to Kanyakumari in the south is a coastline of emergence.
Southern
coastal region receives more rainfall during summer monsoon season.
THE EAST COASTAL PLAIN
Extends
from the deltaic plains of the Ganga in the north to Kanyakumari in the south
for 1100 km with an average width of 120km.
(I)UTKAL COAST
Extends
for about 400km from deltaic plains of the Gango to the Mahanadi delta.
(II)ANDHRA COASTAL PLAINS
Extends
from the southern limit of Utkal plains to Puliant lake(Andhra Pradesh).
It
has large deltas of the Krishna and the Godavari rivers.
(III)TAMIL NADU PLAINS
Extends
about 675km, from the north of Chennai to Kanyakumari in the south.
It
has the deltaic plains of Kaveri and is popularly called the Granary of South India.
THE INDIAN PLATEAU
BUNDELKHAND BHANDER, BAGHEL AND MALWA PLATEAU
These
highlands are situated to the north of Narmada rift valley.
Bundelkhand
Plateau is a part of central highlands and is composed of granite and gneisses.
Malwa
plateau is an example of dissected lava plateau, which is covered with black
soil.
MEGHALAYA PLATEAU
It
comprises of Garo, khasi and Haintia Hills.
Originally
a part of peninsular plateau.
Garo-Rajmahal
Gap separates it from the main block of peninsular plateau.
CHOTANAGPUR PLATEAU
Highest
peak- Parasnath (1,366m) in the Hazaribagh Platean.
Situated
in the north eastern part of Indian Plateau includes the region of Bihar, adjoining
Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal.
It
consists of the Ranchi Plateau in the south, the Hazaribagh Plateau in the
north, and the Rajmahal Hills in the northeast.
Described
as the “Ruhr of India”
Pat
lands are one of the chief characteristics of Chotanagpur Plateau.
Very
rich in mineral resources.
DECCAN PLATEAU
South
of the Satpura Range in the peninsula is called the Deccan Plateau.
(1)The Deccan Lava Plateau Region
Northwestern
part of Deccan Plateau is the region of Basaltic lava.
It
includes the Western Ghats north of 160 north
latitude, plateau of Maharashtra (except the east of Nagpur) and the adjoining
parts of Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
(2) Telengana Plateau
Part
of the Deccan Plateau, comprises of the interior region of Andhra Pradesh.
North
of Krishna River is the plateau of Telengana.
South
of the Krishna River, lying in the Rayalaseema plateau region.
(3)The Karnataka Plateau
Situated
to the south of Deccan Lava Region.
Malnad
and Maidan are two physiographic regions of Karnataka plateau.
(I)Malnad
Hilly
and dissected plateau region about 64km wide lying close to the WesternGhats.
(ii) Maidan
Situated in the eastern part of Malnad, relatively
large rolling plains with low granitic hills.
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